The hausa of gobir, also in northern nigeria, speak the oldest surviving classical vernacular of the language. The first is the hausa homestead, which is the dominant and more stable architecture. The walls constructions are called tubali walls which involve the moulding of pearshaped sundried mud bricks made from birji. Factors shaping vernacular architecture of northern nigeria. Nura jibo, traditional hausa architecture in northern nigeria, 1st ed. Hausa architecture of northern nigeria and niger republic architecture haoussa du niger et du nord du nigeria. The hausa and fulani people are located mostly in northern part of nigeria.
English is the official language but each ethnic group speaks its own. Tradition is opinion, belief, practice, customs etc. Apr 20, 2015 doorways in hausa building were usually of two types. The hausas form the majority of the people inhabiting the middle belt. Traditional hausa architecture in northern nigeria, 9783. Design and building of the royal palace, city walls and gates of northern nigeria 9783846506394 by jibo, nura and a great selection of similar new, used and collectible books available now at great prices. Traditional architecture, hausa, kano metropolitan, northern nigeria introduction. Finishes in the hausa traditional architecture was made of cement plaster. A typical hausa traditional architecture of northern nigeria. The tremendous the tremendous impact of modernization is commendable and c annot be underrated, better still. Hausa architecture of northern nigeria and niger republic. The use of lintels, beams, brackets and corbels were common in the design of the doorway. Therefore, they build round houses and live in large groups.
See more ideas about architecture art, culture and architecture. The chapter describes the hausa traditional houses and buildings. It further asserts that hausa traditional housing places restrictions on circulation of occupants especially women which could hamper their development socially and economically, and thus be an obstacle to the optimum realization. Why african vernacular architecture is overdue for a. Work on the north is limited due to the peculiar nature of the people as shown from the history of the region. The hausas and the fulanis make up a significant portion of nigeria by population and even landmass. Historically, katsina was the centre of hausa islamic scholarship but was later replaced by sokoto stemming from the 19th century usman dan fodio islamic reform the hausa are culturally and historically closest to other. Within the built environment, it is a permanent or temporary device that shades either an outdoor or indoor setting. Design and building of the royal palace, city walls and gates of northern nigeria. The use of traditional building materials in modern methods of construction a case study of northern nigeria article pdf available december 2017 with 19,087 reads how we measure reads. Queen amina of zaria had walls built out of adobe around the city of zaria. Hausa architecture is the architecture of the hausa people. Factors shaping vernacular architecture of northern nigeria hausa fulani people are mainly traders, merchants in each of the ancient cities in northern nigeria. Hausa is the most widely spoken language in west africa and the primary language spoken in all northern states in nigeria.
With the decline of the nok and sokoto, who had previously controlled central and northern nigeria between 800 bce and 200 ce, the hausa were able to emerge as the new power in the region. The hausa language is written in arabic characters, and about one quarter of hausa words are made up of arabic. Because of the short life and high maintenance costs of hausa traditional con struction, new building methods and materials are now being introduced which. Mar 30, 2019 the chapter describes the hausa traditional houses and buildings. Northern nigeria volume 1 of an introduction to nigerian traditional architecture, zbigniew r. A sense of community plays an extremely important role for hausa people. Hausa is written in arabic characters, and about onefourth of hausa words come. The aesthetics of hausa traditional architecture in hausaland, phd thesis, michigan university, usa urquhart, a. If the previous factors were related solely to considerations of practicality, the following reasons are connected with spiritual realm.
Hausa traditional architecture in kano has also witnessed this change in typology and morphology of the building within the last few decades, so it generates several architectural statements based on the visual image and perceptions on traditional or modern contemporary buildings, otherwise termed as tradomodern buildings. For centuries hausa masterbuilders have acquired and practiced their highly. Architecture in northern nigeria in northern nigeria, two styles of architecture have been identified in the area of housing in the traditional setting. Religion in history of hausa traditional architecture. Daura, in northern nigeria, is the oldest city of hausaland. Design and building of the royal palace, city walls and gates of northern nigeria jibo, nura on. Traditional hausa architecture in northern nigeria. In nigeria, when the modern and traditional architecture is considered, professionals, designers and the researchers emphasize that, for functional architectural forms, efforts should be directed. Traditional hausa architecture in northern nigeria 9783. Architecture of hausafulani in northern nigeria source. The use of traditional building materials in modern methods of construction a case study of northern nigeria article pdf available december. Traditional architecture a basic distinction in nigerian architecture can be made between the north and the south, and this is best pronounced by traditional architecture and traditional style. Traditional hausa architecture in northern nigeria, 9783846506394, this book is a crosssectional descriptive investigation on traditional hausa architecture of hausa people and royal kingship groups, their houses, city walls and gates, which were originally built by hausa masterbuilders. Transformation in hausa traditional residential architecture.
Description of the building materials is fully explained, followed by the shape and the style of roofing. The paper notes that the hausa traditional housing is an excellent reference of traditional architecture in nigeria. Historically, katsina was the centre of hausa islamic scholarship but was later replaced by sokoto stemming from the 19th century usman dan fodio islamic reform. Doorways in hausa building were usually of two types. Closely linked with the kanuri people of kanembornu lake chad, the hausa aristocracy adopted islam in the 11th century ce. Traditional hausa architecture in northern nigeria, 9783846506394, 9783846506394, 3846506397, building and environmental technology, this book is a crosssectional descriptive investigation on traditional hausa architecture of hausa people and royal kingship groups, their houses, city walls and gates, which were originally built by hausa masterbuilders. With a population of over 30 million, they have the largest population in west africa because of their intermarriages and constant interaction with different peoples. One of the most important external influences on northern nigerian traditional music came as a result of the contact between islam and christianity and. The most widely used and readily available traditional building materials in nigeria are adobe, sheeps wool, clay, bamboo, thatch, stones, timber, coconut tree, and straw bales. One of the most important external influences on northern nigerian traditional music came as a result of the contact between. Overtime, walls would encompass farming land, for further protection. Sources of nigerian architecture in the 21st century. Nigeria, a country located in the western part of africa has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia and is divided in to northern and southern parts with the hausafulanis, a diverse but culturally homogeneous people living in the northern part of nigeria. The materials used in the vann has been discussed by many researchers which includes but.
Another 17 million people speak hausa as a second language. Hausafulani people of northern nigeria precolonial. The strongest influences on indigenous architecture were the introduction of islam into northern nigeria, the return of the ex. Hausa, people found chiefly in northwestern nigeria and adjacent southern niger. Zaria, city, kaduna state, northcentral nigeria, on the kubanni river a tributary of the kaduna. Hausa traditional architecture therefore can simply be defined as the art of shaping the environment to serve the requirements of hausa traditions comfortably and efficiently. In recent times, the desire for foreign taste, in terms of building form. See more ideas about architecture, vernacular architecture and west africa. In northern nigeria, for instance, the traditional hausa architecture tubali was chiefly inspired by sudanosahelian architecture of the ancient songhai empire.
An introduction to nigerian traditional architecture. A case study of zaria, ahmadu bello university press, zaria, nigeria. Paper open access related content vernacular architecture of. The tribe is made up of a diverse but culturally homogeneous people based primarily in the sahelian and sudanian areas of northern nigeria and southeastern niger, with significant numbers, also living in parts of cameroon, cote divoire, chad, togo, ghana, and.
The strongest influences on in digenous architecture were the introduction of islam into northern nigeria, the return of the ex. They constitute the largest ethnic group in the area, which also contains another large group, the fulani, perhaps onehalf of whom are settled among the hausa as a ruling class, having adopted the hausa language and. The hausa people are found in various parts of west africa. Pdf the use of traditional building materials in modern. Vernacular architecture of northern nigeria in the light. They constitute the largest ethnic group in the area, which also contains another large group, the fulani, perhaps onehalf of whom are settled among the hausa as a. The second is the fulani nomadic shelter, which at best can be referred to as tents. The savannah region in northern nigeria is the home of the hausa people. After the war, a loose federation of 30 emirates emerged, each recognizing the supremacy of the sultan of sokoto, located in what is now far northwestern nigeria.
Hausa traditional architecture is an integral part of how hausa people construct a sense of. I aimiuwu considerable research has been carried out on traditional music in nigeria, but mostly on music from the south. Many hausas can read and write in arabic because at an early age, they are required to go to arabiclanguage. An attempt will, however, be made to give an overview of materials, forms and techniques generating the traditional forms of architecture especially with respect to the three major ethnic groups previously mentioned. A look at traditional hausa architecture in relation to social stratification paper presented at the international conference on the relevance of traditional architecture. Hausa introduction, location, language, folklore, religion. A people of northern nigeria and southern niger, the hausa adopted islam from muslim traders in the fourteenth century. Oct 11, 2015 hausa architecture of northern nigeria and niger republic architecture haoussa du niger et du nord du nigeria. Hausa is written in arabic characters, and about onefourth of hausa words come from arabic. Factors shaping vernacular architecture of northern nigeria hausafulani people are mainly traders, merchants in each of the ancient cities in northern nigeria. In nigeria, traditional building materials are found in large quantities and varieties, although these materials are dependent upon the geographical location of the area. The traditional settlements of the hausa people of northern nigeria which are described in this article might, perhaps, come into this category.
They seek, collect, buy and trade items needed from various regions and other cities within the trade routes lying along the subsaharan africa to the mediterranean and red seas. With their superior cavalry and cohesion, the fulani overthrew the hausa rulers and also conquered areas beyond hausaland, including adamawa to the east and nupe and ilorin to the south. Introduction nigeria, a country situated in the western part of africa has been the location of several kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia and is divided into northern and southern parts with the hausafulanis, a diverse but culturally homogeneous people living in the northern part of nigeria. Hausa walled towns eventually evolved into walled cities. Furthermore, the open spaces area ranges from 15%35% of the total land area. Hausa traditional architecture is an integral part of how hausa people construct a sense of interrelatedness with their physical environment.
Hausa traditional housing is informed and shaped by the culture of the people and their religious belief. The materials used in the vann has been discussed by many researchers which includes but not limited to. And while they are generally regarded as one as hausafulani, they are, in fact, two separate, albeit similar, ethnic entities dominating the northern region of nigeria. And while they are generally regarded as one as hausa fulani, they are, in fact, two separate, albeit similar, ethnic entities dominating the northern region of nigeria. Headquarters of the zaria local government council and the traditional zaria emirate, it is served by road and rail and by an airport just to the northwest. Traditional music in northern nigeria music in africa. Hausa is the most widely spoken language in west africa.
Hausa and fulani people nigeria people and culture. Housing, rural communities and urban poor, organized by international network for traditional building. The largest ethnic groups are hausa and fulani in the north, the yoruba in the southwest, and the igbo in the southeast. Haoussa are the largest ethnic group in subsaharan africa.
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